How was the holocaust resolved by the nuremberg trials

As the accused men and judges spoke four different languages, the trial saw the introduction of a technological innovation taken for granted today: instantaneous translation. IBM provided the technology and recruited men and women from international telephone exchanges to provide on-the-spot translations through headphones in English, French, German and Russian. In the end, the international tribunal found all but three of the defendants guilty. Twelve were sentenced to death, one in absentia, and the rest were given prison sentences ranging from 10 years to life behind bars.

Ten of the condemned were executed by hanging on October 16, These proceedings, lasting from December to April , are grouped together as the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings. They differed from the first trial in that they were conducted before U. The reason for the change was that growing differences among the four Allied powers had made other joint trials impossible.

The subsequent trials were held in the same location at the Palace of Justice in Nuremberg. These proceedings included the Doctors Trial December 9, August 20, , in which 23 defendants were accused of crimes against humanity, including medical experiments on prisoners of war. In the Judges Trial March 5-December 4, , 16 lawyers and judges were charged with furthering the Nazi plan for racial purity by implementing the eugenics laws of the Third Reich.

Other subsequent trials dealt with German industrialists accused of using slave labor and plundering occupied countries; high-ranking army officers accused of atrocities against prisoners of war; and SS officers accused of violence against concentration-camp inmates.

Of the people indicted in the subsequent Nuremberg trials, 12 defendants received death sentences, 8 others were given life in prison and an additional 77 people received prison terms of varying lengths, according to the USHMM. Authorities later reduced a number of the sentences. The Nuremberg trials were controversial even among those who wanted the major criminals punished.

Harlan Stone , chief justice of the U. Douglas , then an associate U. The list is not exhaustive" Calvocoressi More often than not a crime which is a War Crime is also a Crime against Humanity and vice-versa:. This restriction was so as to not infringe in the domestic affairs of a sovereign state merely on the grounds that it was offending against humanitarian principles" Calvocoressi The plan to exterminate the Jewish race falls under the category of Crimes against Humanity.

Also, experiments conducted by the Nazis fall under both categories. The experimenters were given indictments by the Military Tribunal five days after the main trials were completed in Nuremberg, but were not those twenty two members who were convicted in the actual Nuremberg Trials. S25 [ Find in a library near you ]. Addresses positive and negative aspects of the involvement of the American wartime intelligence office in the Nuremberg trials.

Includes a bibliography and an index. Boston: Nijhoff Publishers, S7 S [ Find in a library near you ]. Interprets original documentation of the Nuremberg Trials to demonstrate collaborative relations and coordination of efforts between war crimes prosecutors and intelligence officials.

Demonstrates the activities of the OSS during wartime, immediate postwar investigations, and their contributions to the trials process.

Includes footnotes, a bibliography, and an index. Smith, Bradley F. Reaching Judgment at Nuremberg. New York: Basic Books, S [ Find in a library near you ]. A history of the Nuremberg Trial focusing on the judges and the paths by which they reached their verdicts. Recounts the reaction of each judge to various events in the trial, discusses the legality of the trial, and reviews the performance of the prosecution and defense in legal terms. The Road to Nuremberg. S65 [ Find in a library near you ].

Authoritative account of how the Allies finally agreed to try the surviving Nazi leaders under international law, rather than simply executing them. Sprecher, Drexel A. Lanham, Md.

S68 [ Find in a library near you ]. Detailed two-volume chronicle of the Nuremberg Trial written by one of the American prosecutors. Focuses on Trial procedures and the principal subjects, and provides a thorough treatment of the defense at Nuremberg. Uses documentary evidence, transcripts, personal recollections, and research from other books on the subject. Contains extensive notes. New York: MacMillan, Reference D E v. Fourteen articles surveying the pursuit of justice after World War II.

Particular essays focus on the International Military Tribunal, the Subsequent Nuremberg Proceedings, and other postwar trials held across Europe. Tusa, Ann, and John Tusa. The Nuremberg Trial. New York: Atheneum, T87 [ Find in a library near you ]. Narrative history of the Trial that draws on multiple sources, including extensive interviews with surviving participants.

Sets out to recreate the atmosphere and tensions of Nuremberg. Andrus, Burton C. I Was the Nuremberg Jailer. New York: Coward-McCann, A [ Find in a library near you ]. Memoir of the American officer who commanded the prison in which the war criminals tried at Nuremberg were confined.

Describes his personal opinions of the prisoners. Cumoletti, Henry V. Court Shorthand Reporter. G42 C86 [ Find in a library near you ]. Includes many excerpts from his courtroom summaries. Dodd, Christopher J. New York: Crown Publishing, G4 D64 [ Find in a library near you ]. First-person account of the Nuremberg trials that reproduces the letters written by Thomas J. Dodd, the Executive Trial Counsel for the prosecution who specialized in cross-examining key defendants, to his wife and family in the United States.

Includes photographs and an index. Dudman, Helga. Jerusalem: Carta, D83 A4 [ Find in a library near you ]. Presents letters written by an American member of a denazification unit traveling across Germany to interrogate high-ranking Nazis and prepare evidence for the Nuremberg trials. Includes period photographs, historical notes, and newspaper excerpts.

Ehrenfreund, Norbert. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, E37 [ Find in a library near you ]. Emphasizes the legacy of the trials in relation to post-war international law. Includes an index and a brief discussion of sources for further reading. Gaskin, Hilary. Eyewitnesses at Nuremberg. London: Arms and Armour, E94 [ Find in a library near you ].

Conveys the impressions and personal experiences of the secretaries, guards, and translators at Nuremberg. Contains the text of a handout visitors to the courtroom were given that included biographical information about each defendant. Goldensohn, Leon. The Nuremberg Interviews. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, G65 [ Find in a library near you ]. Below: The Nuremberg Trials have been dismissed by all honest legal experts as a farce. Participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of a crime against peace.

In normal legal systems, it is an established legal principle that no one can be charged for a crime that was not a crime at the time the act was committed—in other words, that no one can be charged retrospectively for an act which was not classified as a crime at the time when it was committed. The legal basis of these main charges aside, the entire Nuremberg Trials process was from the very beginning a mockery because one of the judging parties—the Soviet Union—had, for the first two years of the war, been an ally of Nazi Germany!

However, these same Allies saw fit to put German leaders on trial for a handful of outrageous acts committed by underlings—none of which were ever sanctioned at senior level, unlike the bombing of civilians, an idea which came from Winston Churchill himself. In other words, none of the defendants at Nuremberg were specifically charged with the mass gassing of Jews or the operation of extermination camps. All of this was accepted at face value during the court proceedings, even though they have long since been dismissed as lies by all serious historians.

Like Liked by 2 people. Like Liked by 4 people. That one really takes the cake or prize. My aunt Ilse told me she operated one of these pedal powered, brain bashing machines at Buchenwald.

The most sought after examples are the rare volumes personally autographed by Ann Frank who used a ball point pen to sign her name. Like Liked by 1 person. It is about time to call the Nuremberg trials a revanchist show trial of the worst kind. The trumped up charges and fabricated evidence would make any person in the judicial world flinch. Alfred Jodl was an innocent hanged at the trial and there may be more if we really revisited the laughable proceedings.

Like Liked by 3 people. During these show trials, Jodl was even questioned at length over the fact that he had purchased the German equivalent of war bonds during the war. I read this about 30 years ago in a book entitled 5 Men at Nuremberg. Hell, just being a German citizen was a crime against humanity in the eyes of the Jewish run tribunal.

This was standard judeocommunist trickery to vilify their enemies, while validating their criminal system.